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- Title
Advances in Characterization of Non-Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets: Exploring Commercial Alnico Grades 5-7 and 9.
- Authors
Palasyuk, A.; Blomberg, E.; Prozorov, R.; Yue, L.; Kramer, M.; Mccallum, R.; Anderson, I.; Constantinides, S.
- Abstract
The magnetic domain structure of commercial alnico grades 5-7 and 9 was investigated using a magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) to gain an understanding of their coercivity mechanisms at the micron to millimeter scale. In alnico 5-7, the magnetic domain structure exhibits stripes of alternating high and low induction. Magnetic domains easily cross grain boundaries if neighboring grains have a similar tilt and rotation of their crystallographic axes relative to the magnet body. In contrast for alnico 9, stripe-like magnetic domains are not observed regularly throughout the transverse section; rather, discrete localization of high- and low-induction stripe features are observed. In higher magnification MOKE experiments, i.e., ~100 μm, a zigzag-shaped magnetic domain structure was observed in both alnico 5-7 and 9. The zigzag features are four to five times smaller in size than an average grain of alnico 5-7, implying a pinning mechanism that is caused by structural elements within the grains. Discontinuous and reversible motion on a length scale of a few microns was observed for the zigzag-shaped domains for incremental changes in the applied field of ~10 Oe. Complimentary magnetic force microscopy measurements show that there are domain structures on an even smaller scale, i.e., 2 μm to 100 μm.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC domain; ALNICOS; MAGNETIC materials; KERR magneto-optical effect; MAGNETIC force microscopy
- Publication
JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 2013, Vol 65, Issue 7, p862
- ISSN
1047-4838
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11837-013-0618-z