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- Title
Higher‐Order Defeat is Object‐Independent.
- Authors
DiPaolo, Joshua
- Abstract
Abstract: Higher‐order defeat occurs when one loses justification for one's beliefs as a result of receiving evidence that those beliefs resulted from a cognitive malfunction. Several philosophers have identified features of higher‐order defeat that distinguish it from familiar types of defeat. If higher‐order defeat has these features, they are data an account of rational belief must capture. In this article, I identify a new distinguishing feature of higher‐order defeat, and I argue that on its own, and in conjunction with the other distinguishing features, it favors an account of higher‐order defeat grounded in non‐evidential, ‘state‐given reasons’ for belief.
- Subjects
COGNITIVE ability; REASONING; THEORY of knowledge; GENERALIZATION; POLLOCK, John
- Publication
Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 2018, Vol 99, Issue 2, p248
- ISSN
0279-0750
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/papq.12155