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- Title
CAR T-Cell Therapy for Cancer: Latest Updates and Challenges, with a Focus on B-Lymphoid Malignancies and Selected Solid Tumours.
- Authors
Tang, Hiu Kwan Carolyn; Wang, Bo; Tan, Hui Xian; Sarwar, Muhammad Adeel; Baraka, Bahaaeldin; Shafiq, Tahir; Rao, Ankit R.
- Abstract
Although exponential progress in treating advanced malignancy has been made in the modern era with immune checkpoint blockade, survival outcomes remain suboptimal. Cellular immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, has the potential to improve this. CAR T cells combine the antigen specificity of a monoclonal antibody with the cytotoxic 'power' of T-lymphocytes through expression of a transgene encoding the scFv domain, CD3 activation molecule, and co-stimulatory domains. Although, very rarely, fatal cytokine-release syndrome may occur, CAR T-cell therapy gives patients with refractory CD19-positive B-lymphoid malignancies an important further therapeutic option. However, low-level expression of epithelial tumour-associated-antigens on non-malignant cells makes the application of CAR T-cell technology to common solid cancers challenging, as does the potentially limited ability of CAR T cells to traffic outside the blood/lymphoid microenvironment into metastatic lesions. Despite this, in advanced neuroblastoma refractory to standard therapy, 60% long-term overall survival and an objective response in 63% was achieved with anti GD2-specific CAR T cells.
- Subjects
T cells; MONOCLONAL antibodies; CANCER treatment; T cell receptors; CHIMERIC antigen receptors; PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors; IMMUNOSPECIFICITY; TRANSGENE expression
- Publication
Cells (2073-4409), 2023, Vol 12, Issue 12, p1586
- ISSN
2073-4409
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cells12121586