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- Title
The In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Phytogenic and Acid-Based Eubiotics against Major Foodborne Zoonotic Poultry Pathogens.
- Authors
Kiskinis, Konstantinos; Mantzios, Tilemachos; Economou, Vangelis; Petridou, Evanthia; Tsitsos, Anestis; Patsias, Apostolos; Apostolou, Ioanna; Papadopoulos, Georgios A.; Giannenas, Ilias; Fortomaris, Paschalis; Tsiouris, Vasilios
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Antibiotic-resistant pathogens from overuse or misuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry to treat human and animal diseases have become a global threat. Therefore, alternatives to the use of antibiotics have become imperative. The aim of the study was the in vitro antibacterial investigation of eight drinking water additives based on essential oils phytogenics (Phyto CSC Liquide B, AEN 350 B Liquid), acid-based eubiotics (Salgard liquid, Intesti-Flora) and blends of essential oils and organic acids (ProPhorceTM SA Exclusive, Herbal acid, Rigosol-N and Eubisan 3000) against Gram-negative bacteria such as Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria spp. The results showed that most of the tested products had promising antibacterial activity. Specifically, the products categorized as "Blends of essential oils and organic acids" performed the highest antibacterial capacity, followed by the "acid-based eubiotics", while products within the "essential oil-based phytogenics" category performed the lowest antibacterial capacity. Concluding, phytogenic and acid-based eubiotics, as well as their combination, could be good candidates for pathogen control on poultry farms and for the reduction of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 8 commercial drinking water additives against major zoonotic poultry pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria spp.). We tested two essential oil-based phytogenics (Phyto CSC Liquide B, AEN 350 B Liquid), two acid-based eubiotics (Salgard® liquid, Intesti-Flora), and four blends of essential oils and organic acids (ProPhorceTM SA Exclusive, Herbal acid, Rigosol-N and Eubisan 3000). The antibacterial activity was determined by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a microdilution method. The MICs of the products against Campylobacter spp. ranged from 0.071% to 0.568% v/v, in which Herbal acid, a blend rich in lactic and phosphoric acids, also containing thyme and oregano oils, exhibited the highest efficacy (MIC: 0.071% v/v) against all the tested strains. The MICs of the tested products against Escherichia coli ranged between 0.071% and 1.894% v/v. Specifically, the MIC of Rigosol-N, a blend of high concentrations of lactic and acetic acid, was 0.142% v/v for both tested strains, whereas the MICs of Intesti-Flora, a mixture rich in lactic and propionic acid, ranged from 0.284% to 0.568% v/v. The MICs of the products against Salmonella Typhimurium were between 0.095% and 1.894% v/v. Specifically, the MIC of Eubisan 3000, a blend rich in oregano oil, was 0.284% v/v. The MICs against Staphylococcus aureus were between 0.142% and 9.090% v/v. The MICs of Phyto CSC Liquide B, which is rich in trans-cinnamaldehyde, were between 3.030% and 9.090% v/v, showing the highest MIC values of all tested products. Finally, the MIC values of the tested commercial products against Listeria spp. were 0.095% to 3.030% v/v. The MICs of ProPhorceTM SA Exclusive, a highly concentrated blend of formic acid and its salts, were 0.095–0.142% v/v against Listeria spp., while the MICs of AEN 350 B Liquid were between 0.284% and 1.894% exhibiting high Listeria spp. strain variability. In conclusion, all the selected commercial products exhibited more or less antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and, thus, can be promising alternatives to antibiotics for the control of zoonotic poultry pathogens and the restriction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
- Subjects
ANTIBACTERIAL agents; PATHOGENIC bacteria; GRAM-negative bacteria; PATHOGENIC microorganisms; ESSENTIAL oils; GRAM-positive bacteria; LACTIC acid bacteria; ORGANIC acids; ACETIC acid
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 11, p1611
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani14111611