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- Title
Trajectory Patterns of Macronutrient Intake and Their Associations with Obesity, Diabetes, and All-Cause Mortality: A Longitudinal Analysis over 25 Years.
- Authors
Huang, Jingxian; Rong, Rong; Ma, Zheng Feei; Chen, Ying
- Abstract
Over the past decades, China has been undergoing rapid economic growth, which may have significantly influenced the dietary patterns and health status of the Chinese population. Our study aimed to assess the associations of potential macronutrient trajectory patterns with chronic diseases and all-cause mortality using the latent class trajectory model (LCTM) and the longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey obtained between 1991 and 2015. A 24-hour diet recall was used to assess the dietary intake. The Poisson regression model was employed to investigate the correlations between trajectory patterns and chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. A total of 8115 participants were included in the final analysis. We explored four and three trajectory patterns for male and female populations, respectively. We found that a decreasing very high-carbohydrate trajectory together with a U-shape protein trajectory was associated with a higher risk of diabetes in the male population (odds ratio (OR): 2.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–3.77). A similar pattern for moderate protein intake was also associated with the risk of diabetes in the female population (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.18–2.79). In addition, we show that a decreasing low-carbohydrate trajectory and an increasing high-fat trajectory were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60–0.96) and a higher risk of obesity (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05–1.47) in males. Our results shed light on some salient nutritional problems in China, particularly the dual challenges of undernutrition and overnutrition.
- Subjects
CHINA; OBESITY risk factors; DIABETES risk factors; CHRONIC disease risk factors; MORTALITY risk factors; RISK assessment; POISSON distribution; NUTRITION disorders; DIETARY patterns; FOOD consumption; MALNUTRITION; SECONDARY analysis; SEX distribution; NUTRITIONAL requirements; DIETARY fats; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio; DIETARY carbohydrates; DIETARY proteins; CONFIDENCE intervals
- Publication
Nutrients, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 15, p2567
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu16152567