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- Title
Monkeypox and chickenpox co-infection in a person living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
- Authors
Mmerem, Juliet I.; Johnson, Simon M.; Iroezindu, Michael O.
- Abstract
Introduction: The 2022 mpox global outbreak underscores the need for an improved understanding of mpox epidemiology, co-morbidities, and clinical management/outcome. We report a case of a 30-year-old Nigerian antiretroviral treatment-experienced person living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) who had PCR-confirmed mpox and chickenpox co-infection. Case presentation: The patient presented with a generalized itchy rash of three weeks and antecedent low-grade fever. He had no recent travel, animal exposure, or same-sex relationship. Examination revealed generalized pustular and nodular eruptions without peripheral lymphadenopathy. Results: CD4 count was 78 cells/mm³, wound swab microscopy revealed Gram-positive cocci in clusters and Gram-negative bacilli while culture yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite supportive care and definitive antimicrobial therapy, his clinical condition deteriorated with sepsis-related multi-organ dysfunction and ultimately death. Conclusions: Mpox and chickenpox co-infection may occur, with potentially fatal complications in the setting of advanced HIV disease. Increased surveillance for co-viral infections in PLHIV with febrile exanthema and aggressive management to improve outcome are recommended.
- Publication
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2024, Vol 18, Issue 7, p1152
- ISSN
2036-6590
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3855/jidc.18318