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- Title
Selective Toxicity of Persian Gulf Sea Squirt (Phallusia nigra) Extract on Isolated Mitochondria Obtained from Liver Hepatocytes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced Rat.
- Authors
Razi, Nina Seyed; Seydi, Enayatollah; Nazemi, Melika; Arast, Yalda; Pourahmad, Jalal
- Abstract
Background: One of the deadliest types of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current treatment methods show poor tolerance and low efficacy. Phallusia nigra (P. nigra) is a kind of sea squirt or marine tunicate that lives in tropical seas around the world. As a marine animal, it contains natural bioactive products. It has been shown that P. nigra has some biological properties, including anti-inflammatory property. Objectives: In this study, we examined the selective toxicity of methanolic extracts obtained from body and wall of Persian Gulf P. nigra on isolated mitochondria obtained from liver hepatocytes of hepatocellular carcinoma-induced rats. Methods: For induction of HCC, the rats were injected with a single dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) at 200 mg/kg, followed by dietary administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) (0.02%) for 14 days. Then, the HCC induction was approved by histopatho-logical evaluations, liver function markers (ALT, AST, and ALP), and determination of blood levels of liver cancer specific marker, i.e. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). At the end, mitochondria isolated from cancerous and normal hepatocytes were applied for subsequent investigations. Results: Our results showed that different concentrations (250,500, and 1000 µg/mL) of both extracts (from body and wall) significantly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, promoted mitochondrial swelling, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased cytochrome c release only in HCC hepatocyte mitochondria in a time and concentration dependent manner. No significant change in the above mentioned parameters was observed in the control hepatocyte mitochondria. Conclusions: Our results suggest that bioactive compounds of P. nigra could be promising anti-HCC molecules. However, further studies are needed including molecular identification tests, confirmatory in vivo experiments, and clinical trials.
- Subjects
IRAN; REACTIVE oxygen species; ANALYSIS of variance; ANIMAL experimentation; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; COMPARATIVE studies; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; EPITHELIAL cells; HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma; INVERTEBRATES; MARINE animals; MITOCHONDRIA; RATS; STATISTICS; TISSUE extracts; DATA analysis; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; IN vitro studies; ONE-way analysis of variance; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Hepatitis Monthly, 2017, Vol 17, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1735-143X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5812/hepatmon.41489