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- Title
How Does Smoking Alter Saliva Components When Exposed to Panoramic Radiography?
- Authors
Hasyim, Rafikah; Wulansari, Dwi Putri; Rahman, Fadhil Ulum A.; Arsyad, M. Aryadi; Hamrun, Nurlindah; Rieuwpassa, Irene E.; Asmawati; Anas, A. St. Asmidar
- Abstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoke harbors over 7,000 chemical agents, thereby subjecting smokers to a multitude of toxins. Smoking induces oxidative stress indicated by increased oxidative damage of biomarkers on protein, DNA, and lipid. Panoramic radiography is one type of radiography technique where x-ray beams pass through the salivary gland, which makes it receive the highest absorbed doses compared to other organs and thus can affect the acinar cells. Materials and methods: Unstimulated whole saliva samples were taken three times: before exposure (E1), right after exposure (E2), and ten days after exposure (E3). Salivary pH was measured with the LAQUAtwin pH-11 Horiba pH meter. Buffer capacity was determined using the Ericsson method, while total protein, sodium, and potassium levels were calculated with the Kyltec autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis was done with the computerized statistical test, using a nonparametric test Kolmogorov Smirnov and a comparative test oneway Anova. Results: The result of saliva components tested on this study showed a lower value for all components in smoker compared to non smoker. There were significant differences between salivary pH, p<0.05 in both groups, and total protein level in the smoker group (p<0.05) (Table I). In contrast, other components in both groups had no significant difference after being exposed to panoramic radiograph. Conclusion: This study found that panoramic radiographs significantly affect salivary pH before and after exposure in both groups, as well as the total protein level in the smoker group. However, other tested salivary components showed no significant difference in all time intervals.
- Subjects
TELEFON AB L.M. Ericsson; PANORAMIC radiography; SALIVA; SMOKING; CIGARETTE smoke; SALIVARY glands
- Publication
Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2024, Vol 20, p181
- ISSN
1675-8544
- Publication type
Article