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- Title
Cadmium (Cd) Exposure among Waste Collector in Urban Area, Malaysia.
- Authors
Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed; Salleh, Faridatul Hanim; Abidin, Emilia Zainal; Mahiddin, Nur Azlin Kather; Rangga, Josfirin Uding
- Abstract
Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) in urine and inhaled dust of the municipal waste operators was assessed. Methods: Urine spot samples were collected and analysed for Cd and creatinine of 60 municipal waste operators between April to June 2013. Respirable dust was collected using personal air sampling pump GilAir-3 and GilAir-5 for 8 working hours. Cd in urine and dust were analysed using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer A Analyst 800) while urinary creatinine was measured using Reflotron® Plus creatinine. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of Cd in the respirable dust (0.59 ± 50.27 µg/m3) was within the permissible exposure limit (PEL). The level of Cd in urine (0.015 ± 0.0097 µg/g Cr) was lower than the safe limit of 5 µg/g. The creatinine level (173.59 ± 50.27 mg/dl) was within the normal range (20 to 350 mg/dl). The multiple regression model shows smoking and years of smoking were the significant predictors for the Cd in the urine (R? = 0.216 F(3,56) = 5.150, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Municipal waste operators were exposed to minimal Cd exposure while handling waste and the accumulation of this metal urine was correlated with smoking habit.
- Subjects
MALAYSIA; CREATININE; METAL wastes; WORKING hours; REGRESSION analysis; CITIES &; towns
- Publication
Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2018, Vol 14, Issue SP1, p72
- ISSN
1675-8544
- Publication type
Article