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- Title
The Impact of Gut Microbiome on the Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenosides Rd and Rg3 in Mice after Oral Administration of Red Ginseng.
- Authors
Kim, Jeon-Kyung; Lee, Eun Kyu; Bae, Chu Hyun; Park, Soo-Dong; Shim, Jae-Jung; Lee, Jung-Lyoul; Yoo, Hye Hyun; Kim, Dong-Hyun
- Abstract
Ginsenosides of orally administered red ginseng (RG) extracts are metabolized and absorbed into blood. Here, we examined the pharmacokinetic profiles of ginsenosides Rd and Rg3 in mice orally gavaged with RG, then investigated the correlations between these and gut microbiota composition. RG water extract (RGw), RG ethanol extract (RGe), or fermented RGe (fRGe) was orally gavaged in mice. The plasma concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed. RGe and fRGe-treated mice showed higher plasma concentration levels of ginsenoside Rd compared with RGw-treated mice; particularly, ginsenoside Rd absorbed was substantially high in fRGe-treated mice. Oral administration of RG extracts modified the gut microbiota composition; the modified gut microbiota, such as Peptococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Hungateiclostridiaceae, were closely correlated with the absorption of ginsenosides, such as Rd and Rg3. These results suggest that oral administration of RG extracts can modify gut microbiome, which may consequently affect the bioavailability of RG ginsenosides.
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL models; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; GUT microbiome; ORAL drug administration; ANIMAL experimentation; ONE-way analysis of variance; MASS spectrometry; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; DATA analysis software; STATISTICAL correlation; GINSENG; MICE
- Publication
American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2021, Vol 49, Issue 8, p1897
- ISSN
0192-415X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1142/S0192415X21500890