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- Title
LEVANSUCRASE DIVERSITY AMONG DIFFERENT GENERA OF ACETIC ACID BACTERIA.
- Authors
Jakob, F.; Vogel, R. F.
- Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) produce extracellular polysaccharides such as cellulose, acetan or levan. Levans (β-2,6-linked β-(D)-fructose-polymers) are built up by secreted levansucrases (LS) and exhibit great potential as prebiotics, hydrocolloids or for the development of biodegradable materials. Nevertheless, little is actually known about the diversity of LS among different genera of AAB, while current knowledge about AAB LS is actually restricted to the N2-fixing AAB species Gluconacetobacter (Ga.) diazotrophicus. The aim of our study was, therefore, to investigate the diversity of LS among AAB on genetic level for identification of further promising levan producing strains and LS. In this way, we at first identified LS gene sequences in 3 known levan overproducing Gluconobacter strains as well as in N. chiangmaiensis NBRC 101099 and K. baliensis DSM 14400 via different degenerate and inverse PCR methods. Based on these identified nucleotide sequences and some available LS nucleotide sequences obtained from recently sequenced AAB genomes, two PCR primer (screening) sets were developed, which targeted to the Gluconobacter (cluster 1: C1) like LS type and the Ga. diazotrophicus (cluster 2: C2) like LS type, respectively. In this way, a total of 18 new (partial) LS gene sequences (14 x C1; 4 x C2) were identified during this work. Taken together, based on available nucleotide sequences, C1-LS are actually found in different strains of the genera Gluconobacter (19), Kozakia (2), Komagataeibacter (1) and Acetobacter (1), whereas C2-LS are present in different strains of the genera Gluconacetobacter (2), Asaia (A.) (2), Neoasaia (1) and Kozakia (1). Noticeably, all so far genetically investigated Gluconobacter strains harbor C1- LS genes, which confirms our previous findings about levan production among AAB and implies the adaptation of these strains to sugar/sucrose-rich environments. On the contrary, C2-LS are found in a few AAB strains, some of which are able to fix N2 (Ga. diazotrophicus, Ga. azotocaptans, A. species SF2.1) and whose LS share structural similarity to those of N2-fixing Burkholderia strains. In conclusion, we (i) provide a general view on LS diversity among physiologically/metabolically different AAB, (ii) have identified AAB as the most potent and versatile levan producers among bacteria and (iii) have developed primer sets, which can be used to identify and to phylogenetically differentiate LS producers among AAB.
- Subjects
LEVANSUCRASE; ACETOBACTER; BIODEGRADABLE materials
- Publication
Acetic Acid Bacteria, 2015, Vol 4, Issue 1S, p10
- ISSN
2240-2845
- Publication type
Article