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- Title
Effects of Typhoon on Saltwater Intrusion in a High Discharge Estuary.
- Authors
Li, Linjiang; Wang, Chuning; Pareja‐Roman, L. Fernando; Zhu, Jianrong; Chant, Robert J.; Wang, Guihua
- Abstract
Saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary occurs in winter and dry season, which may affect drinking water supply in Shanghai. An atypical saltwater intrusion event, observed under high river discharge (>20,000 m3/s) in October 2018, coincided with the passage of super typhoon Kong‐rey. The response of the estuarine salt field is reproduced here with a numerical model for analysis with a Eulerian framework. Model results show that saltwater intrusion was mainly due to the landward advection of salt (∼260 t/s), which was driven by the storm surge (∼0.4 m) and landward Ekman transport under typhoon winds. The sheared salt flux (∼145 t/s) significantly contributes to the total landward flux, especially when the surge recedes after the typhoon has passed. Northwesterly winds increased vertical shear and stratification during the event. The maximum saltwater intrusion occurred about a day after the typhoon passage, and the salinity at the freshwater reservoir intake exceeds the local drinking standard of 0.45 psu. A numerical experiment shows that if Kong‐rey had passed during spring tide, the saltwater intrusion would have been weaker due to a stronger northward transport near the coast and a landward transport in the southern channels. Plain Language Summary: While the influence of typhoons on river plumes and coastal currents has been widely reported, relatively few studies have explored how these cyclones can affect saltwater intrusion and exchange flow in estuaries. In October 2018, super typhoon Kong‐rey caused a strong saltwater intrusion event in the North Channel of the Changjiang Estuary, providing an opportunity to study this phenomenon. Under typhoon winds, we found that saltwater intrusion is stronger during neap tides. However, had the typhoon passed under spring tide conditions, the intrusion would have been weaker. Evaluating the differences in the salinity response of estuaries to extreme weather events is key for water quality management. Key Points: Landward advection of salt occurs under northerly typhoon windsNorthwesterly winds increase the exchange flow and stratification after typhoon eventTyphoon passage increased saltwater intrusion; more during neap than spring tides
- Subjects
SHANGHAI (China); TYPHOONS; SALTWATER encroachment; WATER quality management; EXTREME weather; VERTICAL wind shear; REGIONS of freshwater influence; ESTUARIES
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, 2022, Vol 127, Issue 8, p1
- ISSN
2169-9275
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2021JC018206