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- Title
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia.
- Authors
Masyeni, Sri; Nelwan, Erni Juwita; Fatawy, Rois Muqsith; Wibawa, Surya; Nugraha, Putu Arya; Antara, Jarwa; Suparta, Adi; Asmara, D. G. Wedha; Yenny, L. G. Sri; Budhitresna, A. A. G.; Arimas, Dewi; Indriani, Dewi; Parwata, Kmg; Sutarjana, Ketut; Sugiartha, Eka; Kahari, Siska; Wardhana, Clareza Arief; Indraningrat, A. A. G.; Mulyantari, Kadek; Pasek, Arya Widiyana
- Abstract
Introduction: The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms. Method: This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals. The patients were classified as non-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were collected. Factors associated with the severity and outcomes were assessed using the chi-squared test or ANOVA when appropriate. We also compared the clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: This study included 92 patients: 41 non-COVID-19 and 51 COVID-19 patients, comprising 45 non-severe and six severe cases. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough (47.1%), fever (31.0%), and dyspnea (25.3%). Cough, fatigue, and anosmia have high accuracy, and combining these complaints in clinical diagnostics offered a higher accuracy in predicting COVID-19 patients (60.1%). We found lower lymphocyte counts and interleukin-1R levels and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in severe compared than in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase was associated with intensive care unit admission and ventilator use, while other markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were not. Conclusion: A battery of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and anosmia, is likely associated with COVID-19 in Bali. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms to ensure a prompt diagnostic test for COVID-19, beyond other causes of acute febrile illnesses.
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2022, Vol 17, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0269026