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- Title
Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in three large regions of Kazakhstan.
- Authors
Nersesov, Alexander; Gusmanov, Arnur; Crape, Byron; Junusbekova, Gulnara; Berkinbayev, Salim; Jumabayeva, Almagul; Kaibullayeva, Jamilya; Madenova, Saltanat; Novitskaya, Mariya; Nazarova, Margarita; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Ashimkhanova, Aiymkul; Kadyrzhanuly, Kainar; Atageldiyeva, Kuralay; Vento, Sandro; Issanov, Alpamys
- Abstract
Background & aims: Kazakhstan has implemented comprehensive programs to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. This study aims to assess seroprevalence and risk factors for HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity in three large regions of Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions geographically remote from each other. Participants were randomly selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed by a questionnaire based on the WHO STEP survey instrument. Blood samples were collected for HBsAg and anti-HCV testing. Results: A total of 4,620 participants were enrolled. The seroprevalence was 5.5% (95%CI: 3.6%-8.4%) for HBsAg and 5.1% (95%CI: 3.5%-7.5%) for anti-HCV antibodies. Both were more prevalent in the western and northern regions than in the southern. A history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with anti-HCV presence, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.10 (95%CI: 1.37–3.21) and was borderline associated with HBsAg 1.39 (95%CI: 0.92–2.10), respectively. Having a family member with viral hepatitis was also borderline associated (2.09 (95%CI: 0.97–4.50)) with anti-HCV positivity. Conclusions: This study found a high-intermediate level of endemicity for HBsAg and a high level of endemicity for anti-HCV antibodies in three large regions of Kazakhstan. We found that history of surgery was not associated with HbsAg neither with anti-HCV seropositivity rates. Blood transfusion was associated with anti-HCV seropositivity, however, to investigate effectiveness of the introduced comprehensive preventive measures in health care settings, there is a need to conduct further epidemiological studies.
- Subjects
KAZAKHSTAN; DISEASE risk factors; HEPATITIS C; SEROPREVALENCE; VIRAL hepatitis; BLOOD transfusion; MEDICAL care; HEPATITIS B; CLUSTER sampling
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2021, Vol 16, Issue 12, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0261155