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- Title
Chronic Variable Stress and Cafeteria Diet Combination Exacerbate Microglia and c-fos Activation but Not Experimental Anxiety or Depression in a Menopause Model.
- Authors
Vega-Rivera, Nelly Maritza; Estrada-Camarena, Erika; Azpilcueta-Morales, Gabriel; Cervantes-Anaya, Nancy; Treviño, Samuel; Becerril-Villanueva, Enrique; López-Rubalcava, Carolina
- Abstract
The menopause transition is a vulnerable period for developing both psychiatric and metabolic disorders, and both can be enhanced by stressful events worsening their effects. The present study aimed to evaluate whether a cafeteria diet (CAF) combined with chronic variable stress (CVS) exacerbates anxious- or depressive-like behavior and neuronal activation, cell proliferation and survival, and microglia activation in middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In addition, body weight, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and corticosterone as an index of metabolic changes or hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation, and the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-β, and TNFα were measured. A CAF diet increased body weight, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. CVS increased corticosterone and reduced HDL. A CAF produced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas CVS induced depressive-like behaviors. CVS increased serum TNFα independently of diet. A CAF and CVS separately enhanced the percentage of Iba-positive cells in the hippocampus; the combination of factors further increased Iba-positive cells in the ventral hippocampus. A CAF and CVS increased the c-fos-positive cells in the hippocampus; the combination of factors increased the number of positive cells expressing c-fos in the ventral hippocampus even more. The combination of a CAF and CVS generates a slight neuroinflammation process and neuronal activation in a hippocampal region-specific manner and differentially affects the behavior.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL stress; MENOPAUSE; ANXIETY; LIFE change events; MICROGLIA; DIET
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 3, p1455
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms25031455