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- Title
Effect of Melittin Complexes with Graphene and Graphene Oxide on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Grown on Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane.
- Authors
Daniluk, Karolina; Lange, Agata; Wójcik, Barbara; Zawadzka, Katarzyna; Bałaban, Jaśmina; Kutwin, Marta; Jaworski, Sławomir
- Abstract
One of the components of bee venom is melittin (M), which has strong lysing properties on membranes. M has high toxicity to cancer cells, but it also affects healthy cells, making it necessary to use methods for targeted delivery to ensure treatment. This research is a continuation of previous studies using graphene nanomaterials as M carriers to breast cancer cells. The studies described below are conducted on a more organized biological structure than what is found in vitro cells, namely, cancerous tumors grown on a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Caspase 3 and 8 levels are analyzed, and the level of oxidative stress markers and changes in protein expression for cytokines are examined. The results show that M complexes with nanomaterials reduce the level of oxidative stress more than M alone does, but the use of graphene (GN) as a carrier increases the level of DNA damage to a greater extent than the increase caused by M alone. An analysis of cytokine levels shows that the use of the M and GN complex increases the level of proteins responsible for inhibiting tumor progression to a greater extent than the increase occasioned by a complex with graphene oxide (GO). The results suggest that the use of GN as an M carrier may increase the toxic effect of M on structures located inside a cell.
- Subjects
TRIPLE-negative breast cancer; CHORIOALLANTOIS; GRAPHENE oxide; MORPHOLOGY; BEE venom; CHICKEN embryos; MELITTIN
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 9, p8388
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms24098388