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- Title
Spot urine and 24-h diet recall estimates of dietary sodium intake from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey: a comparison.
- Authors
McLean, Rachael M; Williams, Sheila M; Te Morenga, Lisa A; Mann, Jim I
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>We aimed to test the difference between estimates of dietary sodium intake using 24-h diet recall and spot urine collection in a large sample of New Zealand adults.<bold>Methods: </bold>We analysed spot urine results, 24-h diet recall, dietary habits questionnaire and anthropometry from a representative sample of 3312 adults aged 15 years and older who participated in the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey. Estimates of adult population sodium intake were derived from 24-h diet recall and spot urine sodium using a formula derived from analysis of INTERSALT data. Correlations, limits of agreement and mean difference were calculated for the total sample, and for population subgroups.<bold>Results: </bold>Estimated total population 24-h urinary sodium excretion (mean (95% CI)) from spot urine samples was 3035 mg (2990, 3079); 3612 mg (3549, 3674) for men and 2507 mg (2466, 2548) for women. Estimated mean usual daily sodium intake from 24-h diet recall data (excluding salt added at the table) was 2564 mg (2519, 2608); 2849 mg (2779, 2920) for men and 2304 mg (2258, 2350) for women. Correlations between estimates were poor, especially for men, and limits of agreement using Bland-Altman mean difference analysis were wide.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>There is a poor agreement between estimates of individual sodium intake from spot urine collection and those from 24-hour diet recall. Although, both 24-hour dietary recall and estimated urinary excretion based on spot urine indicate mean population sodium intake is greater than 2 g, significant differences in mean intake by method deserve further investigation in relation to the gold standard, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.
- Subjects
NEW Zealand; COMPARATIVE studies; SODIUM content of food; FOOD habits; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; MEMORY; RESEARCH; SURVEYS; WORLD Health Organization; EVALUATION research; BODY mass index; CROSS-sectional method; FOOD diaries
- Publication
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018, Vol 72, Issue 8, p1120
- ISSN
0954-3007
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1038/s41430-018-0176-0