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- Title
Magnetized Silane-Coupling Agent KH-570 Based Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection to Determine Venlafaxine in Human Hair and Aqueous Environmental Samples.
- Authors
Ebrahimi, Mahmoud; Ebrahimitalab, Abdolhossein; Es'haghi, Zarrin; Mohammadinejad, Arash
- Abstract
In the present study, a novel adsorbent, FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized by silane-coupling agent KH-570, was successfully synthesized. The prepared MNPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was applied as functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of trace levels of venlafaxine using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. This method was developed and optimized for use in analysis of venlafaxine in human hair and aqueous environmental samples. The main factors influencing the extraction efficiency including pH of sample, amount of the MNPs, adsorption time, volume of sample, and desorption conditions such as volume of solvent and desorption time were studied and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 1-1,000 µg L for aqueous environmental samples with correlation coefficients ( R) 0.996. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.1 and 0.5 μg L, respectively. Good reproducibility with the relative standard deviations ( n = 5) 3.21 % was obtained. The developed method was successfully applied to the extraction of venlafaxine from spiked human hair, river water, and surface water samples and the relative recoveries of 89.36, 93.43, and 94.99 % were obtained, respectively. The results indicated that FeO/KH-570 MNPs have a satisfying extraction efficiency and can be served as a sensitive, inexpensive, and reliable method for analysis of antidepressant drugs such as venlafaxine in biological and aqueous environmental samples.
- Subjects
MAGNETISM; FERROUS oxide; NANOPARTICLES; GAS chromatography; FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
- Publication
Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2015, Vol 68, Issue 2, p412
- ISSN
0090-4341
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00244-014-0100-0