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- Title
Contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies to Uncovering Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: Diet, Lifestyle, Biomarkers, and Genetics.
- Authors
Ley, Sylvia H.; Ardisson Korat, Andres V.; Qi Sun; Tobias, Deirdre K.; Cuilin Zhang; Lu Qi; Willett, Walter C.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Hu, Frank B.
- Abstract
Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the NHS II to addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Methods. We carried out a narrative review of 1976 to 2016 NHS and NHS II publications. Results. The NHS and NHS II have uncovered important roles in type 2 diabetes for individual nutrients, foods, dietary patterns, and physical activity independent of excess bodyweight. Up to 90% of type 2 diabetes cases are potentially preventable if individuals follow a healthy diet and lifestyle. The NHS investigations have also identified novel biomarkers for diabetes, including adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition metabolites, and environmental pollutants, offering new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. Global collaborative efforts have uncovered many common genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes and improved our understanding of gene--environment interactions. Continued efforts to identify epigenetic, metagenomic, and metabolomic risk factors for type 2 diabetes have the potential to reveal new pathways and improve prediction and prevention. Conclusions. Over the past several decades, the NHS and NHS II have made major contributions to public health recommendations and strategies designed to reduce the global burden of diabetes.
- Subjects
UNITED States; TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors; NURSES' Health Study; DIET; PHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL activity; DIABETES pathophysiology; LIFESTYLES &; health; GENETICS of diabetes; BIOMARKERS; GENETICS of type 2 diabetes; GESTATIONAL diabetes; ADIPOSE tissues; HUMAN body composition; CYTOKINES; MENTAL depression; TYPE 2 diabetes; NUTRITION; OBESITY; PEPTIDE hormones; POLLUTANTS; REPRODUCTIVE health; LIFESTYLES; EPIGENOMICS; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
American Journal of Public Health, 2016, Vol 106, Issue 9, p1624
- ISSN
0090-0036
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2105/AJPH.2016.303314