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- Title
The extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Sun in Time: High-energy evolutionary tracks of a solar-like star.
- Authors
Lin Tu; Johnstone, Colin P.; Güdel, Manuel; Lammer, Helmut
- Abstract
Aims. We aim to describe the pre-main-sequence and main-sequence evolution of X-ray and extreme-ultaviolet radiation of a solar-mass star based on its rotational evolution starting with a realistic range of initial rotation rates. Methods. We derive evolutionary tracks of X-ray radiation based on a rotational evolution model for solar-mass stars and the rotationactivity relation. We compare these tracks to X-ray luminosity distributions of stars in clusters with different ages. Results. We find agreement between the evolutionary tracks derived from rotation and the X-ray luminosity distributions from observations. Depending on the initial rotation rate, a star might remain at the X-ray saturation level for very different time periods, from ≈10 Myr to ≈300 Myr for slow and fast rotators, respectively. Conclusions. Rotational evolution with a spread of initial conditions leads to a particularly wide distribution of possible X-ray luminosities in the age range of 20-500 Myr, before rotational convergence and therefore X-ray luminosity convergence sets in. This age range is crucial for the evolution of young planetary atmospheres and may thus lead to very different planetary evolution histories.
- Subjects
STAR formation; ULTRAVIOLET astronomy; X-ray astronomy; SOLAR evolution; STELLAR atmospheres; STELLAR luminosity function; STELLAR rotation
- Publication
Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique, 2015, Vol 577, p1
- ISSN
0004-6361
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201526146