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- Title
Clinical utility of PTSD, resilience, sleep, and blast as risk factors to predict poor neurobehavioral functioning following traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal study in U.S. military service members.
- Authors
Lange, Rael T.; French, Louis M.; Bailie, Jason M.; Merritt, Victoria C.; Pattinson, Cassandra L.; Hungerford, Lars D.; Lippa, Sara. M.; Brickell, Tracey A.
- Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the clinical utility of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), low resilience, poor sleep, and lifetime blast exposure as risk factors for predicting future neurobehavioral outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Participants were 591 U.S. military service members and veterans who had sustained a TBI (n = 419) or orthopedic injury without TBI (n = 172). Participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, PTSD Checklist, and the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) scale at baseline and follow-up. Results: Using the four risk factors at baseline, 15 risk factor combinations were examined by calculating odds ratios to predict poor neurobehavioral outcome at follow-up (i.e., number of abnormal scores across five TBI-QOL scales [e.g., Fatigue, Depression]). The vast majority of risk factor combinations resulted in odds ratios that were considered to be clinically meaningful (i.e., ≥ 2.5) for predicting poor outcome. The risk factor combinations with the highest odds ratios included PTSD singularly, or in combination with poor sleep and/or low resilience (odds ratios = 4.3–72.4). However, poor sleep and low resilience were also strong predictors in the absence of PTSD (odds ratios = 3.1–29.8). Conclusion: PTSD, poor sleep, and low resilience, singularly or in combination, may be valuable risk factors that can be used clinically for targeted early interventions.
- Subjects
VETERANS; MILITARY personnel; BRAIN injuries; BLAST injuries; UNITED States armed forces; LONGITUDINAL method; POST-traumatic stress disorder
- Publication
Quality of Life Research, 2022, Vol 31, Issue 8, p2411
- ISSN
0962-9343
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11136-022-03092-4