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- Title
Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale: Assessment of Validity and Reliability.
- Authors
Yilmaz-Karaman, Imran G.; Yastibas-Kacar, Cennet; Altinoz, Ali Ercan; Ornekel, Irem Naz; Bilgin, Muzaffer; Gulec, Gulcan
- Abstract
Objective: Gender affects how we serve and receive medical care. World Health Organization evaluates gender as a social determinant of health. However, a knowledge gap exists among physicians. The present study aims to adapt Nijmegen Gender in Medicine Awareness Scale (NGAMS) in the Turkish language and define Turkish medical students' gender awareness level and related factors. Methods: Two hundred seventy-two medical students participated in this cross-sectional study. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy- Student Version, and NGAMS were utilized to collect data; in addition to sociodemographic form. Results: Cronbach Alpha value for the gender sensitivity subscale of Turkish N-GAMS was calculated as 0.810, gender role ideology towards patients as 0.919, and gender role ideology towards doctors as 0.896. In the confirmatory factor analysis conducted for the scale's factor structure, the scale had a three-factor structure consisting of gender sensitivity, gender role ideology towards patients, and gender role ideology towards doctors, which are interrelated. In the criterionrelated validity analysis, gender sensitivity was associated with empathy (r=0.206 p=0.001) and benevolent sexism (r=0.148 p=0.015). Gender role ideology toward patients scores was related to male gender (t=3.920 p<0.001), low empathy (r=-0.159 p=0.009), hostile sexism (r=0.638 p<0.001), and benevolent sexism (r=0.545 p<0.001). Gender role ideology towards doctors was related to male gender (t=2.669 p=0.008), low empathy (r=-0.143 p=0.018), hostile sexism (r=0.618 p<0.001), and benevolent sexism (r=0.573 p<0.001). Conclusions: N-GAMS is valid and reliable among Turkish medical students. Turkish medical students in our sample are less gender-sensitive than their European counterparts. There is a need for education on gender awareness in medical schools.
- Subjects
GENDER role; SOCIAL determinants of health; RESEARCH evaluation; EMPATHY; SEXISM; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; HEALTH occupations students; CROSS-sectional method; MEDICAL students; RESEARCH methodology; CRONBACH'S alpha; MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques; FACTOR analysis; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Konuralp Medical Journal / Konuralp Tip Dergisi, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 3, p429
- ISSN
1309-3878
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.18521/ktd.1294869