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- Title
Marine macro-litter sources and ecological impact: a review.
- Authors
Le, Van-Giang; Nguyen, Hoang-Lam; Nguyen, Minh-Ky; Lin, Chitsan; Hung, Nguyen T. Quang; Khedulkar, Akhil P.; Hue, Nguyen K.; Trang, Phung T. Thu; Mungray, Arvind Kumar; Nguyen, D. Duc
- Abstract
Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover.
- Subjects
MARINE debris; ECOLOGICAL impact; MARINE pollution; MARINE biology; BISPHENOL A; POLLUTANTS
- Publication
Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2024, Vol 22, Issue 3, p1257
- ISSN
1610-3653
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10311-024-01702-w