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- Title
Anti-inflammatory effect of hexane fraction from Myagropsis myagroides ethanolic extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.
- Authors
Kim, Sunghee; Kim, Jae‐Il; Choi, Ji‐Woong; Kim, Michelle; Yoon, Na Young; Choi, Chang‐Geun; Choi, Jae‐Sue; Kim, Hyeung‐Rak
- Abstract
Objectives Microglial activation has been implicated in neurological disorders for its inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the hexane fraction from Myagropsis myagroides ( Mertens ex Turner) Fensholt ethanolic extract and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia. Methods Various solvent fractions prepared from the ethanolic extract of M. myagroides were analysed for total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide ( NO) production in activated BV-2 microglia. We measured prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of inflammatory enzymes was analysed by Western blot. Nuclear translocation and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB ( NF-κ B) were determined by immunofluorescence and reporter gene assay, respectively. Key findings Among the fractions, the hexane fraction ( MMH), rich in fatty acid, showed the highest inhibitory activity on NO generation. Pretreatment with MMH decreased mRNA and protein levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, resulting in a decrease in NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, MMH inhibited the production of inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines at their transcriptional level via inactivation of NF-κ B. MMH inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c- Jun N-terminal kinase. Conclusions These results indicate that MMH has a strong anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated microglia, suggesting that MMH can be used as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammatory diseases.
- Subjects
ANTI-inflammatory agents; HEXANE; ETHANOL; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; MICROGLIA; NF-kappa B
- Publication
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, 2013, Vol 65, Issue 6, p895
- ISSN
0022-3573
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jphp.12049