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- Title
Stochastic and Self-Organisation Patterns in a 17-Year PM 10 Time Series in Athens, Greece.
- Authors
Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios; Alam, Aftab; Petraki, Ermioni; Papoutsidakis, Michail; Yannakopoulos, Panayiotis; Moustris, Konstantinos P.; Kim, Eun-jin
- Abstract
This paper utilises statistical and entropy methods for the investigation of a 17-year PM10 time series recorded from five stations in Athens, Greece, in order to delineate existing stochastic and self-organisation trends. Stochastic patterns are analysed via lumping and sliding, in windows of various lengths. Decreasing trends are found between Windows 1 and 3500–4000, for all stations. Self-organisation is studied through Boltzmann and Tsallis entropy via sliding and symbolic dynamics in selected parts. Several values are below −2 (Boltzmann entropy) and 1.18 (Tsallis entropy) over the Boltzmann constant. A published method is utilised to locate areas for which the PM10 system is out of stochastic behaviour and, simultaneously, exhibits critical self-organised tendencies. Sixty-six two-month windows are found for various dates. From these, nine are common to at least three different stations. Combining previous publications, two areas are non-stochastic and exhibit, simultaneously, fractal, long-memory and self-organisation patterns through a combination of 15 different fractal and SOC analysis techniques. In these areas, block-entropy (range 0.650–2.924) is significantly lower compared to the remaining areas of non-stochastic but self-organisation trends. It is the first time to utilise entropy analysis for PM10 series and, importantly, in combination with results from previously published fractal methods. Data Set License: license under which the dataset is made available (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, CC-BY-NC, etc.)
- Subjects
ATHENS (Greece); TIME series analysis; SYMBOLIC dynamics; FRACTAL analysis; BOLTZMANN'S constant; ENTROPY dimension
- Publication
Entropy, 2021, Vol 23, Issue 3, p307
- ISSN
1099-4300
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/e23030307