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- Title
Lifestyle changes in middle age and risk of cancer: evidence from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
- Authors
Botteri, Edoardo; Peveri, Giulia; Berstad, Paula; Bagnardi, Vincenzo; Hoff, Geir; Heath, Alicia K.; Cross, Amanda J.; Vineis, Paolo; Dossus, Laure; Johansson, Mattias; Freisling, Heinz; Matta, Komodo; Huybrechts, Inge; Chen, Sairah L. F.; B. Borch, Kristin; Sandanger, Torkjel M.; H. Nøst, Therese; Dahm, Christina C.; Antoniussen, Christian S.; Tin Tin, Sandar
- Abstract
In this study, we aimed to provide novel evidence on the impact of changing lifestyle habits on cancer risk. In the EPIC cohort, 295,865 middle-aged participants returned a lifestyle questionnaire at baseline and during follow-up. At both timepoints, we calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score based on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index and physical activity. HLI ranged from 0 (most unfavourable) to 16 (most favourable). We estimated the association between HLI change and risk of lifestyle-related cancers—including cancer of the breast, lung, colorectum, stomach, liver, cervix, oesophagus, bladder, and others—using Cox regression models. We reported hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Median time between the two questionnaires was 5.7 years, median age at follow-up questionnaire was 59 years. After the follow-up questionnaire, we observed 14,933 lifestyle-related cancers over a median follow-up of 7.8 years. Each unit increase in the HLI score was associated with 4% lower risk of lifestyle-related cancers (HR 0.96; 95%CI 0.95–0.97). Among participants in the top HLI third at baseline (HLI > 11), those in the bottom third at follow-up (HLI ≤ 9) had 21% higher risk of lifestyle-related cancers (HR 1.21; 95%CI 1.07–1.37) than those remaining in the top third. Among participants in the bottom HLI third at baseline, those in the top third at follow-up had 25% lower risk of lifestyle-related cancers (HR 0.75; 95%CI 0.65–0.86) than those remaining in the bottom third. These results indicate that lifestyle changes in middle age may have a significant impact on cancer risk.
- Subjects
BREAST; DISEASE risk factors; MIDDLE age; BODY mass index; SMOKING
- Publication
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2024, Vol 39, Issue 2, p147
- ISSN
0393-2990
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10654-023-01059-4