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- Title
Effect of Sb and Ag Addition and Aging on the Microstructural Evolution, IMC Layer Growth, and Mechanical Properties of Near-Eutectic Sn-Bi Alloys.
- Authors
Fowler, Hannah N.; Puttur Lakshminarayana, Sukshitha Achar; Lai, Sean Yenyu; Tay, Sui Xiong; Masaeng, Aleena; Subbarayan, Ganesh; Blendell, John E.; Handwerker, Carol A.
- Abstract
Low-melting-point Sn-Bi solder joints (melting point: 139°C) show remarkable resistance to damage accumulation during aggressive thermal cycling. In this study, we used isothermal aging at 85°C of near eutectic Sn-Bi solder joints to determine the effect of Sb in solid solution and Ag3Sn intermetallic on microstructural evolution and the resulting mechanical properties as a way to explain the thermal cycling behavior. Most importantly, the Sb in solid solution in these alloys resulted in higher strength and improved creep resistance when compared to eutectic Sn-Bi. In contrast to Sn-Pb and Sn-Ag-Cu Pb-free alloys, all the near-eutectic Sn-Bi alloys tested showed significant age hardening. In both the unaged and aged conditions, both Sb and Ag additions individually increased the saturation stress of the eutectic Sn-Bi solder joint, but Ag had a more significant effect. However, when both Sb and Ag were added to eutectic Sn-Bi, the saturation stress was lower than when 1 wt.% Ag alone was added. In terms of relative behavior, the Sb-free 42Sn-Bi-1Ag aged for 250 h had the highest saturation stress of all tested alloys, while as-reflowed eutectic Sn-Bi had the lowest saturation stress. These results suggest that the alloy design strategy for Sn-Ag-Cu alloys, i.e., assuming that the effects of individual alloying elements are additive and independent, is not valid when Sb is added to Sn-Bi low-temperature solder.
- Subjects
COPPER-tin alloys; SOLDER joints; TIN alloys; ALLOYS; PRECIPITATION hardening; THERMOCYCLING; ALLOY testing
- Publication
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2024, Vol 53, Issue 3, p1284
- ISSN
0361-5235
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11664-023-10866-0