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- Title
Kadın Çiftçilerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Güçlenmesinde Eğitimin Rolü.
- Authors
FİDAN, Fatma; YEŞİL, Yeliz; KARASU, Fethiye
- Abstract
For developing a country women employment is very important. If women play active role in economy, they can be active in society, their selfconfidence can be increased. The women in rural areas can do their work better and have economic independence if they are supported. Educational activities given to female farmers play a major role in ensuring efficiency and productivity in agricultural production. In the study, it was tried to determine the effects of education given to women farmers on the working life and occupational perception and the process of editing social relations. It has been researched whether there is a change in the behavior and attitudes of women in rural areas through education. At the first part introduction, at the second part the situation of women farmers in Turkey, at the third part works of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock and the other organizations about women farmers, at the fourth part research and then results and proposals are given. One of the most important indicators that should be taken into account when economic and social development levels of countries are compared is the fact that men and women are equally involved in rights, opportunities and resources. Almost all countries where women participate in economic and social life in an active and equal manner with men do not equally participate in the education, employment and decision-making mechanisms of women while they are now in the "developed countries" class, among the "underdeveloped" or "developing country" groups . It is one of the most rational ways for women of an ancestry wishing to take their place among "developed countries" to have more active participation in women's opportunities and resources. It is clear that it has not been possible to reach the goal of sustainable development, without women, which is often expressed throughout the world for the last thirty years and is a precondition for the uptake of healthy generations. All countries where women participate in economic and social life as active individuals are countries where the level of welfare, level of education and income per capita are high (https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/kefe/docs/komisyon_raporu_2014,07.0 8.2016). As can be seen, it is very important to increase the employment rate of women. For example; nearly half of the employment in agriculture is women. The importance of women is increasing in the quantitative and qualitative development of agricultural production. Strengthening the women in the agricultural area will contribute greatly to the agricultural area and the economy. For this purpose, training activities for female farmers are made more active in the agricultural production and marketing process by increasing knowledge and awareness level. Educational activities for women farmers are important in terms of enabling women to participate in the decision-making process and to gain decision-making and implementation skills. In particular, the development of production and marketing competencies, personal development, access to resources and the ability to use resources are key to education in terms of reducing gender inequality. For this reason, the training activities for our female farmers should continue to increase quantitatively and qualitatively and the support given to our female farmers should continue. Method Trainings given to female farmers; Is important for the development and further awareness of the social and economic position of women in society. Educational activities given to female farmers play a major role in ensuring efficiency and productivity in agricultural production. Women's farmers are also provided with information about the labor market through training activities. In this research, the content, purpose and aim of the trainings given to the women farmers were put forward and it was investigated what subjects they have knowledge with training activities of women. Many women farmers are given trainings on entrepreneurship and agricultural production, in addition to social issues in general. This study was conducted to determine the psycho-social and professional needs of farmers' women and to evaluate the effectiveness of the structured training program in line with these needs. Each 2-hour, 2-day ongoing training program includes the following topics: • Communication and personal development • Health and hygiene • Family economy • Work and occupation • Entrepreneurship and marketing Women who participated in the training were given a questionnaire before the training and the questionnaire was repeated 2 months after the training. In the second part of the questionnaire, a knowledge test developed by the researcher to measure the level of information retention is included. The research was carried out in a mixed model of descriptive and experimental methods. Descriptive methodology was used to determine the participants' views on the strengths and limitations of the program. In the descriptive section qualitative evaluation tools have been preferred. Thus, the focus group interview and structured interview techniques were used in the research. Findings According to the results, the trainings given to the female farmers made a significant change in the individual development of women. Education; expressing oneself, meeting new people, reaching outward open structure, acting independently in the process of change management and decision making. In addition, when the level of knowledge and practice of women about health and hygiene are examined, it is observed that there is a visible change after education. Especially in the working environment, a significant change in protection from environmental constraints and a clear understanding of hygiene is drawing attention. It seems that at the end of the training, there is a positive change in going to doctor control and healthy nutrition in certain periods. In addition to these, it is known that women are actively engaged in agricultural production but are not active in generating income and in particular using income. Research is also proving this. Despite direct contribution of productivity, the contribution to family budget is negligible. However, as a result of this training, it seems that this idea of women has changed. Even though women have made a great contribution in obtaining income, it seems that there is no responsibility for the expenditure and the use of income. It is noteworthy that there is a significant change in self-accumulation after the training. At the end of the training, it is noteworthy that women have the consciousness of earning income by selling what they produce in the home besides family business. Conclusion As a result; empowering women in rural areas plays an important role in the economy, affecting the economy in the positive direction. Ensuring awareness of female farmers through educational activities is important for agricultural production. Trainings given to female farmers enable them to develop their visions, to increase their self-esteem, to have more knowledge about production and family life, and to be stronger in society. In addition to agricultural production in different regions for women farmers, extensive training is provided on issues related to violence against women, gender equality, human rights and freedoms, communication with children, entrepreneurship, leadership and social security. Educational activities are also important for raising the quality of the female population living in the rural area and for acquiring new skills from the professional side and increasing their activities in agricultural production. These trainings improve the activities of women farmers in agricultural production and make a great contribution to economy with higher quality production. They also have knowledge of child education and develop themselves more on entrepreneurship with practical entrepreneurship training and cooperative training. At the same time, violence against women is a better understanding of their important position in society as a woman with an idea on gender equality. Through training activities, awareness is created in our women's farmers and at the same time rural employment opportunities are further enhanced. Providing training activities for rural women farmers in rural areas ensures that they become more conscious and actively involved in social and economic life. Educational activities are important in order to effectively combat poverty, to contribute to the personal development of women, and to solve problems more easily.
- Subjects
TURKEY; WOMEN farmers; RURAL population; AGRICULTURAL productivity; RURAL women; WOMEN in development; GENDER inequality; OCCUPATIONAL segregation; FAMILY communication
- Publication
Usak University Journal of Social Sciences / Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2017, Vol 10, Issue 3, p409
- ISSN
1308-738X
- Publication type
Article