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- Title
Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free [beta]-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation.
- Authors
Ball S; Ekelund C; Wright D; Kirkegaard I; Nørgaard P; Petersen OB; Tabor A; Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gestational age-dependent effects of racial origin, smoking status and mode of conception on maternal serum levels of free [beta]-human chorionic gonadotropin ([beta]-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 7-14 weeks' gestation. METHODS: This was an analysis of data from prospective first-trimester combined screening for aneuploidies in singleton pregnancies, with [beta]-hCG and PAPP-A measured at 7 + 1 to 14 + 3 weeks' gestation. We included 27,908 pregnancies from three centers in the U.K. and 125,461 pregnancies from 22 centers in Denmark, all with known normal fetal karyotype or resulting in the birth of a phenotypically normal neonate. Multiple regression modelling of log10 -transformed marker concentrations was used to produce log10 multiple of the median (MoM) values for free [beta]-hCG and PAPP-A and to examine pregnancy characteristics that have significant effects on marker concentrations. RESULTS: Serum free [beta]-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations were significantly affected by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, parity, smoking and mode of conception. There were significant gestational age-dependent effects attributed to Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and conception through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) on PAPP-A and free [beta]-hCG levels. In women of Afro-Caribbean race there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 5.3% and in free [beta]-hCG of 1.8%. In smokers there was a weekly decrease in PAPP-A of 2.4% and in free [beta]-hCG of 1.6%. In cases of IVF conceptions there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 4.5% and in free [beta]-hCG of 4.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Serum free [beta]-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations at 7-14 weeks' gestation are affected by several pregnancy characteristics. The effects of Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and IVF conception change with gestational age.
- Publication
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2013, Vol 41, Issue 1, p33
- ISSN
0960-7692
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1002/uog.11209