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- Title
Coronaviruses seven outbreaks associated with OC43, 229E, severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV1, NL63, HKU1, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2.
- Authors
Al-Khafaji, Noor S. K.; Abdulla, Anwar A.; Kunwar, Pramod S.; Mohammed, Suhad S.; Mohammed, Rana Kadhim; Al-Marzoki, Ali H.; Al-Shareef, Hasanain K.; Al-Dahmoshi, Hussein O. M.; Al-Gazally, Moaed E.
- Abstract
Background: Coronaviruses (CoVs) responsible for seven outbreaks during a period of six decades. Started with infection of hCov-229E at 1966 and hope to stop with severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2 at 2020. They have a wide range of host animal and can transmit to human causing illness mainly concerned with respiratory tract infections. They originated from animal reservoirs such as bats, Chinese ferret masked palm civets, raccoon dogs, and domestic cats and can transmit the infection to human. Methodology: CT imaging, CBC, CRP, liver function, and coagulation assays were used as primary tests for suspected patients whose confirmed using real-time PCR assay along with serological test such as rapid test, ELISA, and other techniques based on antiviral specific Abs. Results: The results reveal symptoms of patients ranged from rhinorrhea, fever, cough to wide range of upper respiratory tract infections, and, occasionally, lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The results of diagnosis showed that CT imaging is helpful along with CBC and CRP assays as a primary screening test. The real-time PCR assay was the gold standard and sometime gives false negative may be due to inefficiency of sample collection and must be confirmed with a rapid test of ELISA IgM and IgG, especially after symptoms development. Wide range of antiviral was used for treatment success to cure the CoVs infections. Conclusions: CoVs seem to be having tendency for animal-human transmission along with targeting a special type of cells like those of respiratory tract to cause asymptomatic to severe infections easy to treat with prominent antiviral agents.
- Subjects
MIDDLE East; MIDDLE East respiratory syndrome; MERS coronavirus; RESPIRATORY infections; CORONAVIRUSES; CATS; RACCOON dog
- Publication
Drug Invention Today, 2020, Vol 13, Issue 6, p970
- ISSN
0975-7619
- Publication type
Article