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- Title
HOWQUA AND THE Howqua: HOW A CHINESE MONOPOLIST SAVED AMERICAN FREE-TRADERS FROM FINANCIAL RUIN.
- Abstract
The article examines the impact of Chinese merchant and monopolist Wu Ping-Chien, or Howqua, on commerce between U.S. free-trade firms and China in the 19th century. The author seeks to explain why the trading firm A. A. Low & Bros named a clipper ship after the merchant. Americans' difficulties in obtaining tea from China under the country's Canton System of commerce prior to the signing of the Treaty of Wanghia are explained. The effects of Chinese trade monopolies on U.S. commerce are then discussed. The financing of the tea, fur, and opium trade is examined as well. The author explains that Howqua came to dominate the Chinese tea trade with the U.S.
- Subjects
UNITED States; CHINA; WU Ping-Chien; MONOPOLIES; TEA trade; MERCHANTS; CLIPPER ships; FUR trade; OPIUM trade; CHINA-United States commerce
- Publication
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong, 2010, Vol 50, p99
- ISSN
1991-7295
- Publication type
Article