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- Title
Circulating Tumour Cells in the Prediction of Bone Metastasis.
- Authors
Choi, Siu-Wai; Sun, Aria Kaiyuan; Cheung, Jason Pui-Yin; Ho, Jemmi Ching-Ying
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Although primary bone cancer makes up only 1% of worldwide cancer cases diagnosed annually, the bone is the most common site of metastasis for tumours of the breast, prostate and lung. Once a tumour has metastasised to the bone, treatment is predominantly palliative. Though metastasis is the main cause of mortality in cancer patients, the mechanisms of metastases are not well understood. It is known that cells released from the primary tumour into the circulation (Circulating Tumour Cells, CTCs) may play a role in causing disease spread. This review summarises the technologies used to isolate and count CTCs, and the studies investigating the role of CTC numbers and CTC cell surface protein expression in the prediction of cancer metastasis to the bone. Bone is the most common organ for the development of metastases in many primary tumours, including those of the breast, prostate and lung. In most cases, bone metastasis is incurable, and treatment is predominantly palliative. Much research has focused on the role of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in the mechanism of metastasis to the bone, and methods have been developed to isolate and count CTCs from peripheral blood. Several methods are currently being used in the study of CTCs, but only one, the CellSearchTM system has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. This review summarises the advantages and disadvantages, and outlines which clinical studies have used these methods. Studies have found that CTC numbers are predictive of bone metastasis in breast, prostate and lung cancer. Further work is required to incorporate information on CTCs into current staging systems to guide treatment in the prevention of tumour progression into bone.
- Subjects
DISEASE progression; METASTASIS; CELL receptors; LUNG tumors; BONE tumors; RISK assessment; TUMOR classification; TECHNOLOGY; TUMORS; TUMOR markers; BREAST tumors; PROSTATE tumors; DISEASE risk factors; DISEASE complications; BLOOD
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 2, p252
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16020252