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- Title
Anticancer Ir<sup>III</sup>–Aspirin Conjugates for Enhanced Metabolic Immuno‐Modulation and Mitochondrial Lifetime Imaging.
- Authors
Wu, Xiao‐Wen; Zheng, Yue; Wang, Fang‐Xin; Cao, Jian‐Jun; Zhang, Hang; Zhang, Dong‐Yang; Tan, Cai‐Ping; Ji, Liang‐Nian; Mao, Zong‐Wan
- Abstract
The chemo‐anti‐inflammatory strategy is attracting ever more attention for the treatment of cancer. Here, two cyclometalated IrIII complexes Ir2 and Ir3 formed by conjugation of Ir1 with two antiphlogistics (aspirin and salicylic acid) have been designed. Ir2 and Ir3 exhibit higher antitumor and anti‐inflammatory potencies than a mixture of Ir1 and aspirin/salicylic acid. We show that they can be hydrolyzed, accumulate in mitochondria, and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Due to their intense long‐lived phosphorescence, Ir2 and Ir3 can track mitochondrial morphological changes. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging shows that Ir2 and Ir3 can aggregate during mitochondrial dysfunction. As expected, Ir2 and Ir3 exhibit immunomodulatory properties by regulating the activity of immune factors. Both Ir2 and Ir3 can induce caspase‐dependent apoptosis and caspase‐independent paraptosis and inhibit several events related to metastasis. Moreover, Ir2 and Ir3 show potent tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Our study demonstrates that the combination of mitochondrial‐targeting and immunomodulatory activities is feasible to develop multifunctional metal‐based anticancer agents.
- Subjects
SALICYLIC acid; ASPIRIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; PHOSPHORESCENCE; TUMOR growth
- Publication
Chemistry - A European Journal, 2019, Vol 25, Issue 28, p7012
- ISSN
0947-6539
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/chem.201900851