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- Title
Műtrágyázás hatása a szemescirok (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) elemfelvételére.
- Authors
IMRE, KÁDÁR
- Abstract
The effect of various N, P and K supply levels and their combinations on the nutrient composition and specific nutrient content of the grain sorghum variety Alföldi 1 was investigated in the 19th year of a long-term mineral fertilization experiment set up in Nagyhörcsök on a loamy calcareous chernozem soil. Answers were sought to the following questions: To what extent can plant nutrient status be predicted by the analysis of young shoots or of leaves prior to flowering? What correlation exists between the results of soil or plant analysis and the yield? What plant diagnostic optimums can be used for scientifically-based fertilizer recommendations? The experimental soil contained 3% humus, 5% CaCO3 and 20% clay in the ploughed layer, and was supplied moderately well with N and K and poorly with P and Zn. The experiment included 4N x 4P x 4K = 64 treatments in two replications, giving a total of 128 plots. The mineral fertilizers were applied in the form of calcium ammonium nitrate (25% N), 18% superphosphate and 50% potassium chloride. The groundwater was located at a depth of 15 m and the area was prone to drought. The main results can be summarized as follows: -- The maximum yield of 4.1 t/ha grain and 4.8 t/ha stalk was achieved on plots given 105 mg/kg AL-P2O5 and 128 mg/kg AL-K2O, but which had received no nitrogen for 19 years. N fertilization resulted in yield depression, leading to yield losses of as much as 50% on P-deficient soil in the case of 300 kg N/ha/year in this dry year. K fertilization had no effect. Excessive N supplies stimulated the incorporation of N, S, Mn and Cu into the vegetative organs and inhibited that of Mo, though the quantity of Mo in the decreasing grain yield was three times that of the N control. -- P fertilization increased the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Sr in the vegetative plant parts, and sometimes in the grain, while reducing that of K, Zn, Cu and B. The P--Mn and P--Sr synergism became pronounced in the green plant organs and the P-- Zn antagonism in all organs. K fertilization led to a sharp decline in the uptake of Ca, Mg, Na and Sr cations due to cation antagonism. -- Optimum nutrient supplies to grain sorghum were indicated by nutrient contents of 2.0--3.0% N, 0.20--0.30% P and 1.5--3.0% K in young 4--6-leaf shoots or in fully developed leaves at heading, and by nutrient ratios of 7--15 N/P and 50--150 P/Zn. These data could be used as guidelines for the extension service. -- In the case of combine harvesting, when only the grain yield is removed from the field, the soil is mainly depleted of N and P. In the present experiment the specific nutrient content of 1 t grain + the corresponding by-products averaged 31 kg N, 6--7 kg P2O5, 16--17 kg K2O, 8 kg CaO and 5 kg MgO. The N and CaO values were in good agreement with current fertilizer recommendations, while the quantities recommended for P2O5 and K2O exceeded the specific values recorded in the experiment by 50% and 80--90%, respectively.
- Publication
Agrochemistry & Soil Science / Agrokémia és Talajtan, 2022, Vol 71, Issue 2, p375
- ISSN
0002-1873
- Publication type
Article