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- Title
İzmir'denİstanbul'a Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Fransız Dilindeki Basının Doğuşu 1821-1843.
- Authors
HITZEL, Frédéric
- Abstract
The French press in Ottoman Empire first saw the light of day in 1821 in Izmir with the publication of Le Spectateur Oriental (1821-1827). Le Smyrnéen (1824), Le Courrier de Smyrne (1828-1831) and Journal de Smyrne (1832-1842) followed it. These weekly newspapers in French got the most out of the freedom of expression, as there was no concept of the "Ottoman press" and thus no censorship. They were subject to French authorities and the French consulate's jurisdiction, which was difficult to intervene in due to the lack of regulations concerning the freedom of expression. These French newspapers in the Ottoman land had importance for the European Press since they were one of the primary sources of information in the emergence of the Greek rebellion against the Ottomans. The characteristics of this French press in the Ottoman land were, in general, shaped by and merged with their assertive editors', such as Alexandre Blacque (1794-1836) and Jacques-Lucien Bousquet-Deschamps (1798-1870), free speech and colourful character. Many threats and warnings by the French, Russian and British diplomatic units fell on deaf ears. The concepts concerning freedom of expression developed parallel to the emergence and progress of the press. These newspapers, except for the early times of their appearance, always were in favour of the Ottoman interests, though they changed hands many times. They served as a witness to the importance of Francophony in the East for many European readerships, for whom the East was a terra incognita before the Crimean War.
- Publication
Kebikeç: İnsan Bilimleri İçin Kaynak Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2022, Issue 53, p117
- ISSN
1300-2864
- Publication type
Article