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- Title
Robust single‐trial event‐related potentials differentiate between distress and fear disorders.
- Authors
Randau, Martin; Reinholt, Nina; Pernet, Cyril; Oranje, Bob; Rasmussen, Belinda S.; Arnfred, Sidse
- Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that measures of brain functioning as indexed by event‐related potentials (ERPs) on the electroencephalogram align more closely to transdiagnostic measures of psychopathology than to categorical taxonomies. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a transdiagnostic, dimensional framework aiming to solve issues of comorbidity, symptom heterogeneity, and arbitrary diagnostic boundaries. Based on shared features, the emotional disorders are allocated into subfactors Distress and Fear. Evidence indicates that disorders that are close in the HiTOP hierarchy share etiology, symptom profiles, and treatment outcomes. However, further studies testing the biological underpinnings of the HiTOP are called for. In this study, we assessed differences between Distress and Fear in a range of well‐studied ERP components. In total, 50 patients with emotional disorders were divided into two groups (Distress, N = 25; Fear, N = 25) according to HiTOP criteria and compared against 37 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Addressing issues in traditional ERP preprocessing and analysis methods, we applied robust single‐trial analysis as implemented in the EEGLAB toolbox LIMO EEG. Several ERP components were found to differ between the groups. Surprisingly, we found no difference between Fear and HC for any of the ERPs. This suggests that some well‐established results from the literature, e.g., increased error‐related negativity in OCD, are not a shared neurobiological correlate of the Fear subfactor. Conversely, for Distress, we found reductions compared to Fear and HC in several ERP components across paradigms. Future studies could utilize HiTOP‐validated psychopathology measures to more precisely define subfactor groups. This study shows that groups derived from the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology subfactors Distress and Fear differ from each other and from healthy controls in several classic event‐related potentials (ERPs). The advantages of single‐trial analysis over traditional ERP methods are demonstrated. Our results support the neurobiological validity of a transdiagnostic approach to mental disorders.
- Publication
Psychophysiology, 2024, Vol 61, Issue 5, p1
- ISSN
0048-5772
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/psyp.14500