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- Title
Ex Vivo Blockade of the PD-1 Pathway Improves Recall IFNγ Responses of HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy.
- Authors
Fischhaber, Natalie; Schmiedeberg, Moritz; Kübel, Sabrina; Harrer, Ellen G.; Harrer, Thomas; Nganou-Makamdop, Krystelle
- Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune exhaustion persists in HIV infection and limits T cell responses to HIV or other pathogens. Moreover, HIV infection results in the loss of pre-existing immunity. Here, we investigated the effect of blocking the PD-1 pathway on recall IFNγ responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and measles virus (MV) antigens in HIV-infected persons on ART with prior TT and MV immunity. The ex vivo treatment of lymphocytes with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies significantly increased TT- and MV-specific IFNγ responses. The responses to TT and MV antigens alone or in combination with antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway positively correlated with CD4 T cell levels. Furthermore, T cell PD-1 expression levels inversely correlated with recall IFNγ responses in combination with antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway but not with IFNγ responses to antigens only. Our study suggested that targeting the PD-1 pathway may boost vaccine-induced pre-existing immunity in HIV-infected persons on ART depending on the degree of immune exhaustion.
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons; PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors; ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; HIV infections; T-cell exhaustion
- Publication
Vaccines, 2023, Vol 11, Issue 2, p211
- ISSN
2076-393X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/vaccines11020211