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- Title
Effect of Bonding Temperature on Phase Transformation of Diffusion-Bonded Joints of Duplex Stainless Steel and Ti-6Al-4V Using Nickel and Copper as Composite Intermediate Metals.
- Authors
Kundu, Sukumar; Thirunavukarasu, Gopinath; Chatterjee, Subrata; Mishra, Brajendra
- Abstract
In the present study, the effect of bonding temperature on phase transformation of diffusion-bonded joints of duplex stainless steel (DSS) and Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) using simultaneously both nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) interlayers was investigated in the temperature range of 1148 K to 1223 K (875 °C to 950 °C) insteps of 25 K (25 °C) for 60 minutes under 4 MPa uniaxial pressure in vacuum. Interfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and interdiffusion of the chemical species across the diffusion interfaces were witnessed by electron probe microanalysis. At 1148 K (875 °C), layer-wise CuTi, CuTi, CuTi, CuTi, and CuTi phases were observed at the Cu-Ti64 interface; however, DSS-Ni and Ni-Cu interfaces were free from any intermetallic. At 1173 K and 1198 K (900 °C and 925 °C), Cu interlayer could not restrict the diffusion of atoms from Ti64 to Ni, and vice versa; and Ni-Ti-based intermetallics were formed at the Ni-Cu interface and throughout the Cu zone as well; however, at 1223 K (950 °C), both Ni and Cu interlayers could not inhibit the diffusion of atoms from Ti64 to DSS, and vice versa. The maximum shear strength of ~377 MPa was obtained for the diffusion couple processed at 1148 K (875 °C) and strength of the bonded joints gradually decreased with the increasing bonding temperature due to the widening of brittle intermetallics at the diffusion zone. Fracture path indicated that failure took place through the CuTi intermetallic at the Cu-Ti64 interface when bonding was processed at 1148 K (875 °C). When bonding was processed at 1173 K and 1198 K (900 °C and 925 °C), fracture took place through the NiTi intermetallic at the Ni-(Ni + Cu + Ti64 diffusion reaction) interface; however, at 1223 K (950 °C), fracture morphology indicated the brittle nature and the fracture took place apparently through the σ phase at the DSS-(DSS + Ni + Cu + Ti64 diffusion reaction) interface.
- Subjects
BONDING of stainless steel; PHASE transitions; SHEAR strength; FRACTURE mechanics; NICKEL; COPPER
- Publication
Metallurgical & Materials Transactions. Part A, 2015, Vol 46, Issue 12, p5756
- ISSN
1073-5623
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11661-015-3142-7