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- Title
Interannual to Decadal Response of the Indonesian Throughflow Vertical Profile to Indo‐Pacific Forcing.
- Authors
Li, Mingting; Gordon, Arnold L.; Gruenburg, Laura K.; Wei, Jun; Yang, Song
- Abstract
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) inflow through the Sulawesi, Maluku, and Halmahera Seas and the ITF outflow into the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, based on reanalysis and model data, are used to investigate the interannual to decadal response of the ITF vertical profile to Indo‐Pacific forcing. The thermocline (upper 300 m) inflow, driven by the North Pacific Ocean, negatively responds to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with almost no lag; while the thermocline outflow lags by 5–7 months. The sub‐thermocline (300–760 m) inflow, which is influenced by both the North and South Pacific, positively responds to ENSO and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) indices with 13 months lag and displays a long‐term trend tracking the IPO index. Influenced by eastern Indian Ocean variations, the sub‐thermocline outflow positively correlates with the ENSO and IPO indices with about 7–9 months lag, a shorter lag time than the inflow. Plain Language Summary: The vertical structure of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) plays an important role in modulating the Indo‐Pacific Ocean freshwater and heat content. The response time of the thermocline and sub‐thermocline ITF to Indo‐Pacific climate indices differs as the two layers are related to variations in different geographic regions. Thermocline layer inflow responds to the interannual ENSO signal with almost no lag, with 5–7 months lag for outflow. The sub‐thermocline layer is related to decadal time scales. The increased ITF during periods of La Niña contributed to the Indian Ocean heat content increasing in the past decade. Changes in the ITF vertical velocity profile are important for Indo‐Pacific Ocean heat exchange, which is likely to be altered due to global climate change. The results have important implications for investigating the influences of ITF vertical profile on the interannual to decadal Indian Ocean circulation changes. Key Points: The Indonesian throughflow inflow and outflow profiles resolved by reanalysis products display different correlations to climate indicesThe thermocline inflow responds to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal with almost no lag, while the outflow lags ENSO by 5–7 monthsThe sub‐thermocline inflow and outflow respond to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) with 7–13 months lag and show long‐term trends
- Subjects
SULAWESI (Indonesia); INTERNATIONAL Tennis Federation; CLIMATE change; ENTHALPY; THERMOCLINES (Oceanography); LA Nina; GOING public (Securities); OCEAN circulation
- Publication
Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, Vol 47, Issue 11, p1
- ISSN
0094-8276
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2020GL087679