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- Title
Fluorescence imaging beyond the ballistic regime by ultrasound-pulse-guided digital phase conjugation.
- Authors
Si, Ke; Fiolka, Reto; Cui, Meng
- Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has revolutionized biomedical research over the past three decades. Its high molecular specificity and unrivalled single-molecule-level sensitivity have enabled breakthroughs in a number of research fields. For in vivo applications its major limitation is its superficial imaging depth, a result of random scattering in biological tissues causing exponential attenuation of the ballistic component of a light wave. Here, we present fluorescence imaging beyond the ballistic regime by combining single-cycle pulsed ultrasound modulation and digital optical phase conjugation. We demonstrate a near-isotropic three-dimensional localized sound-light interaction zone. With the exceptionally high optical gain provided by the digital optical phase conjugation system, we can deliver sufficient optical power to a focus inside highly scattering media for not only fluorescence imaging but also a variety of linear and nonlinear spectroscopy measurements. This technology paves the way for many important applications in both fundamental biology research and clinical studies.
- Subjects
FLUORESCENCE; OPTICAL phase conjugation; MEDICAL research; IMAGING systems; LIGHT scattering; SENSITIVITY analysis
- Publication
Nature Photonics, 2012, Vol 6, Issue 10, p657
- ISSN
1749-4885
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nphoton.2012.205