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- Title
Measuring Self-Efficacy for Exercise among Older Adults: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of a Brief Version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale.
- Authors
Dawe, James; Cavicchiolo, Elisa; Palombi, Tommaso; Baiocco, Roberto; Antoniucci, Chiara; Pistella, Jessica; Alessandri, Guido; Filosa, Lorenzo; Tavolucci, Simone; Borghi, Anna M.; Fini, Chiara; Chirico, Andrea; Alivernini, Fabio; Lucidi, Fabio
- Abstract
(1) Background: Physical activity is known to promote health and psychological well-being in older adults, yet global inactivity rates in this population remain high. Among the factors associated with physical activity, self-efficacy for exercise represents a key predictor for developing effective interventions in older adults. This study aimed to validate the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE) in individuals over 65. (2) Methods: A sample of 726 older adults from the USA and Italy (51.1% females; age range = 65–95 years; Mage = 72.57, SDage = 6.49) completed the SEE, along with the Godin–Shepard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ), the Big Five Inventory 2—Extra Short Form (BFI-2-XS), and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). (3) Results: The SEE showed a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.88 and a Composite Reliability of 0.89. Moreover, it demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure and good fit indices. Full measurement invariance was achieved across gender and age, while partial scalar invariance was found across countries, suggesting minor cultural differences. Correlation with the GSLTPAQ, the BFI-2-XS, and the SF-12 support the convergent and nomological validity of the SEE. (4) Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that the SEE is a reliable and valid measure of self-efficacy for exercise among older adults and that the items are interpreted similarly across different ages, genders, and cultures.
- Subjects
ITALY; UNITED States; CROSS-sectional method; PEARSON correlation (Statistics); PATIENT compliance; EXERCISE; SELF-efficacy; DATA analysis; CRONBACH'S alpha; STATISTICAL significance; RESEARCH funding; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; RESEARCH evaluation; SEX distribution; CULTURE; EXERCISE therapy; QUESTIONNAIRES; CHI-squared test; AGE distribution; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; LEISURE; PSYCHOMETRICS; RESEARCH methodology; STATISTICS; HEALTH behavior; FACTOR analysis; DATA analysis software; PHYSICAL activity; OLD age
- Publication
Healthcare (2227-9032), 2024, Vol 12, Issue 16, p1642
- ISSN
2227-9032
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/healthcare12161642