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- Title
ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PINE.
- Authors
Vaartaja, O.
- Abstract
The factors affecting the initial development of pine were studied on heaths in Finland. In comparative seeding experiments and other observations the following results were obtained; On some sites birds and Lasius ants ate and carried away the major part of the seed soon after sowing. The quality of the vegetation and raw humus cover affected the seeding results in different ways. In rather close vegetation and humus, germination occurred only with difficulty, but on the other hand, frost heaving injuries were much worse on areas without vegetation and humus. The seeding result was thus best in a thin and broken cover of vegetation and humus. Overtopping or surrounding by stands of mature or sapling pines had effects on seeding results, owing to root competition and, in the mature stand, also in other ways e. g. by interception of radiation and rainfall. In thin surface soil exposed to radiation the maximum temperatures were often very high (40°–69° C) and minimum temperatures low (−2°–+ 10° C). Apparently the seeding results were in many ways dependent on temperature conditions. The evaporation rate measured at a height of 1–4 cm was very different on different sites, but the seeding results were not in accordance with evaporation conditions shown in this way. The watering by altogether 30 mm of water in dry periods had a favourable effect on the .seeding results. The majority of the seed sowed on 15 June 1946, germinated late in August or even in the following summer. The surface water carried seeds, sand and litter. Such a transporting effect of water was an important factor in the seeding results.
- Subjects
PLANT development; PINE; SOWING; PLANT propagation; VEGETATION &; climate; HUMUS
- Publication
Oikos, 1950, Vol 2, Issue 1, p89
- ISSN
0030-1299
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2307/3564664