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- Title
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as Novel Potential Biomarker of Early Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome.
- Authors
Barrea, Luigi; Annunziata, Giuseppe; Muscogiuri, Giovanna; Di Somma, Carolina; Laudisio, Daniela; Maisto, Maria; de Alteriis, Giulia; Tenore, Gian Carlo; Colao, Annamaria; Savastano, Silvia
- Abstract
There is a mechanistic link between the gut-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and obesity-related diseases, suggesting that the TMAO pathway may also be linked to the pathogenesis of obesity. The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), a gender-specific indicator of adipose dysfunction, and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are early predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated TMAO levels in adults stratified according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and the association of TMAO with VAI and FLI. One hundred and thirty-seven adult subjects (59 males; 21–56 years) were enrolled. TMAO levels were detected using HPLC/MS analysis. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HoMA-IR), VAI and FLI were included as cardio-metabolic indices. TMAO levels increased along with BMI and were positively associated with VAI and FLI, independently, on common potential covariates. The most sensitive and specific cut-offs for circulating levels of TMAO to predict the presence of NAFLD-FLI and MetS were ≥8.02 µM and ≥8.74 µM, respectively. These findings allow us to hypothesize a role of TMAO as an early biomarker of adipose dysfunction and NAFLD-FLI in all borderline conditions in which overt MetS is not present, and suggest that a specific cut-off of TMAO might help in identifying subjects at high risk of NAFLD.
- Subjects
FATTY liver; METABOLIC syndrome diagnosis; ADIPOSE tissues; AMINES; BIOMARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; HOMEOSTASIS; INSULIN resistance; MASS spectrometry; METABOLIC disorders; SCIENTIFIC observation; BODY mass index; CROSS-sectional method; EARLY diagnosis; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Nutrients, 2018, Vol 10, Issue 12, p1971
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu10121971