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- Title
Trends in Prescription Opioids Detected in Fatally Injured Drivers in 6 US States: 1995-2015.
- Authors
Chihuri, Stanford; Guohua Li
- Abstract
Objectives. To assess the time trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers. Methods. We analyzed 1995 to 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia of toxicological tests for drivers fatally injured within 1 hour of a crash (n = 36 729). We used the Cochran-Armitage test for trend to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time. Results. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.4) in 1995 to 7.2% (95% CI = 5.7, 8.8) in 2015 (Z = -9.04; P < .001). Prescription opioid prevalence was higher in female than in male drivers (4.4% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Of the drivers testing positive for prescription opioids, 30.0% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (≥ 0.01 g/dL), and 66.9% tested positive for other drugs. Conclusions. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers has increased in the past 2 decades. The need to assess the effect of increased prescription opioid use on traffic safety is urgent.
- Subjects
UNITED States; DRUG therapy; OPIOIDS; AUTOMOBILE drivers; TRAFFIC fatalities; TRENDS; DRUG prescribing; DRUGGED driving; DRUG use &; traffic accidents; TRAFFIC safety; SUBSTANCE abuse; HISTORY; THERAPEUTICS; DRUGS; CAUSES of death; CONFIDENCE intervals; DRUG use testing; DRUNK driving; FORENSIC toxicology; NARCOTICS; PROBABILITY theory; SEX distribution; TRAFFIC accidents; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
American Journal of Public Health, 2017, Vol 107, Issue 9, p1487
- ISSN
0090-0036
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902