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- Title
The association of beneficial and pest arthropods on Sapindus saponaria saplings fertilized with sewage sludge in a degraded area.
- Authors
Silva, Júlia Letícia; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Teixeira, David Lopes; Sampaio, Reginaldo Arruda; Azevedo, Alcinei Mistico; Guanabens, Patrícia Ferreira Santos; Zanuncio, José Cola; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga
- Abstract
Sewage sludge can be used as the fertilizer of plants in the recovery of degraded areas. Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) is a medicinal species native of America that lacks studies associated with its entomofauna. The objective was to determine, during 24 months, abundance, diversity, species richness and interactions of sap-sucking insects, leaf miners, phytophagous mites, predatory insects and spiders, and tending ants in S. saponaria saplings fertilized with or without with dehydrated sewage sludge. The hypotheses tested were: i) the numbers of phytophagous arthropods and some indices (e.g., diversity) are higher on fertilized saplings, which leads to an increase in the number of their natural enemies and tending ants, ii) groups of phytophagous arthropods compete with each other, and iii) phytophagous hemipterans are positively correlated with tending ants. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 replications, each with a S. saponaria sapling. Sapindus saponaria saplings fertilized with sewage sludge showed higher numbers of phytophagous arthropods Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), and Lyriomyza sp. (Agromyzidae), abundance and species richness of phytophagous Hemiptera, tending ants Brachymyrmex sp., Ectatoma sp., Pheidole sp. and Pseudomyrmex termitarius Smith (Hymenoptera; Formicidae), spiders and greater abundance and species richness of predatory Sternorryncha (Hemiptera). Number of tending ants may have reduced those of Lyriomyza sp. and Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Number of Aleyrodidae and Phenacoccus sp. were negatively correlated with those of C. sanguinea and Dolichopodidae and Chrysoperla sp., respectively. The number of Polybia sp. was positivelly correlated with that of Lyriomyza sp. mines. Diversity and species richness of phytophagous Hemiptera, tending ants and Sternorryncha predators were higher on S. saponaria saplings fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The findings in this work demonstrate a greater balance between the different groups of arthropods on S. saponaria saplings fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, which can be very beneficial for biodiversity.
- Subjects
AMERICA; SEWAGE sludge; PREDATORY insects; ARTHROPOD pests; LEAFMINERS; ANTS; SPECIES diversity; ACARICIDES
- Publication
Phytoparasitica, 2023, Vol 51, Issue 4, p883
- ISSN
0334-2123
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s12600-023-01085-8