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- Title
Effects of malathion on survival, growth, development, and equilibrium posture of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana)
- Authors
Keefe, Thomas J.; Ramsdell, Howard S.; Fordham, Carolyn L.; Tessari, John D.
- Abstract
Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles were exposed to malathion in water in a 28-d static renewal test. The effects of malathion on survival, growth, development, and loss of equilibrium posture were determined. Survival was significantly decreased at malathion concentrationsof 2,500 Mug/L and higher. Development of tadpoles was delayed significantly by malathion exposure as indicated by a dose-related decrease in developmental stage over time. Development of tadpoles in the 1,000-Mug/L and higher treatment groups was significantly delayed from that observed in the control. The effects of malathion on developmental stage suggest that malathion may decrease thyroid function in tadpoles, as it does in other species. Maintenance of equilibrium posturefollowing agitation of the test containers was significantly impaired in tadpoles in all the malathion treatment groups (500 to 3,000 Mug/L) relative to the control. Maintenance of equilibrium posture was thus the most sensitive end point measured in this study. Loss of equilibrium posture could increase predation losses and decrease feeding in populations of bullfrog tadpoles in the field. However, concentrations of malathion that produced adverse effects in our study are higher than published, measured concentrations found in wetlands or streams.
- Subjects
REPRODUCTION; TOXICITY testing; EFFECT of insecticides on non-target organisms; MALATHION; BULLFROG; TOXICOLOGY; PESTICIDES
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2001, Vol 20, Issue 1, p179
- ISSN
0730-7268
- Publication type
Article