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- Title
K-Carrageenan Stimulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation: A Potential Factor for the Promotion of Bone Regeneration?
- Authors
Cao, Wei; Jin, Jianfeng; Wu, Gang; Bravenboer, Nathalie; Helder, Marco N.; Pathak, Janak L.; Zandieh-Doulabi, Behrouz; Hogervorst, Jolanda M. A.; Matsukawa, Shingo; Geonzon, Lester C.; Bacabac, Rommel G.; Schulten, Engelbert A. J. M.; Klein-Nulend, Jenneke
- Abstract
Current cell-based bone tissue regeneration strategies cannot cover large bone defects. K-carrageenan is a highly hydrophilic and biocompatible seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharide, that has been proposed as a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications. Whether κ-carrageenan can be used to enhance bone regeneration is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether κ-carrageenan has osteogenic potential by testing its effect on pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Treatment with κ-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased both MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading at 1 h. K-carrageenan (0.125–2 mg/mL) dose-dependently increased pre-osteoblast proliferation and metabolic activity, with a maximum effect at 2 mg/mL at day three. K-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased osteogenic differentiation, as shown by enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (1.8-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day four, and matrix mineralization (6.2-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day 21. K-carrageenan enhanced osteogenic gene expression (Opn, Dmp1, and Mepe) at day 14 and 21. In conclusion, κ-carrageenan promoted MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that κ-carrageenan is a potential osteogenic inductive factor for clinical application to enhance bone regeneration.
- Subjects
CARRAGEENANS; BONE regeneration; RETRIEVAL practice; ALKALINE phosphatase; TISSUE engineering; GENE expression
- Publication
Molecules, 2021, Vol 26, Issue 20, p6131
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules26206131