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- Title
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and innate immune responses to bacterial infections.
- Authors
Nasioudis, Dimitrios; Witkin, Steven
- Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an essential component of the antimicrobial innate immune system, is present in neutrophils and multiple other tissues. It prevents iron acquisition by microorganisms by sequestering iron-loaded bacterial siderophores. NGAL also modulates neutrophil functions. Its production is inducible following Toll-like receptor 4 activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. NGAL is employed clinically in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury and may be useful in general in the differential diagnosis of a bacterial-mediated infectious process. Elevated levels of NGAL have been detected in the blood of patients with bacterial urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis and peritonitis. Some bacteria have developed resistance to NGAL-mediated iron sequestration by production of modified siderophores that are not recognized by NGAL.
- Subjects
NEUTROPHIL immunology; GELATINASES; LIPOCALIN-2; BACTERIAL diseases -- Immunological aspects; NATURAL immunity; IMMUNE response
- Publication
Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 2015, Vol 204, Issue 4, p471
- ISSN
0300-8584
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00430-015-0394-1