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- Title
Sleep-like State in Pond Snails Leads to Enhanced Memory Formation.
- Authors
Namiki, Kengo; Nakai, Junko; Lukowiak, Ken; Ito, Etsuro
- Abstract
Simple Summary: The importance of sleep in memory formation has been demonstrated primarily in mammals. Some invertebrates exhibit a sleep-like state. We investigated the relationship between sleep and memory consolidation in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, using learning to suppress escape behavior. Learning to suppress escape was observed in snails that were allowed a sleep-like period between training and memory-test sessions; however, escape suppression was not observed in snails that were prevented from entering the sleep-like state between training and test sessions. The latency of the first escape was significantly shorter in the memory-test session in snails prevented from entering the sleep-like state between the training and memory-test sessions. Thus, the sleep-like state enhanced memory consolidation after escape behavior suppression learning in the snails. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a sleep-like state plays an important role in memory formation in an invertebrate model system. To test the hypothesis that a sleep-like quiescent state enhances memory consolidation in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, we interposed a period in which snails experienced either a quiescent, sleeping state or an active, non-sleeping state following escape behavior suppression learning (EBSL). During EBSL training, the number of escapes made by a snail from a container was significantly suppressed using an external aversive stimulus (punishment). After training, the snails were divided into two groups. One group of snails was allowed to move freely and to experience a sleep-like quiescent state for 3 h in distilled water. The other group was stimulated with a sucrose solution every 10 min to keep them active (i.e., non-sleeping). In the memory test, escape behavior was suppressed in the group that experienced the quiescent state, whereas the suppression was not observed in snails that were kept active. Additionally, the latency of the first escape in the memory test was shorter in the snails kept active than in those that experienced the quiescent state. Together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that a sleep-like quiescent state enhances EBSL memory consolidation in L. stagnalis.
- Subjects
SNAILS; AVERSIVE stimuli; PONDS; PUNISHMENT (Psychology); MEMORY testing; SLEEP spindles; SLEEP interruptions
- Publication
Biology (2079-7737), 2024, Vol 13, Issue 5, p336
- ISSN
2079-7737
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/biology13050336