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- Title
Impact of Zeeman sub-level pumping on saturated absorption spectra of thermal atomic vapor.
- Authors
Bala, Rajni; Ghosh, Joyee; Venkataraman, Vivek
- Abstract
We propose ab-initio reduced rate equation models (with maximum 7 levels) to calculate the saturated absorption spectra (SAS) of thermal atomic vapor for linearly polarized pump and probe beams. We also experimentally validate our simplified models, that consume ∼ 100 × lower computational resources than full multi-level models, for all four hyperfine dips of the Rb D 2 line with residual error ≲ 3 % and no fitting parameters with various pump-probe intensities and beam diameters. Our 5-level model, which considers hyperfine pumping but ignores Zeeman pumping, accurately predicts enhanced saturated probe transmission at all the resonances and crossovers. However, this model is unable to predict reduced probe transmission induced by the Zeeman ( m F ) sub-level pumping at the crossover X 10 , comprising hyperfine transitions F g = 1 → F e = 0 and F e = 1 of 87 Rb. In this case, our 7-level model, which accounts for both hyperfine and Zeeman pumping, faithfully reproduces all the SAS features corresponding to the hyperfine transitions F g = 1 → F e = 0 , 1 , 2 of 87 Rb. In addition, both our models account for the transit-relaxation (depending on beam diameter) of atoms traversing the laser beam for an accurate computation. Finally, we also present theoretical and experimental evidence demonstrating the significance of probe-induced hyperfine pumping even at intensities ∼ 10 × smaller than that required for two-level saturation.
- Subjects
ATOMIC spectra; ABSORPTION spectra; RATE equation model; OPTICAL pumping; MULTILEVEL models; PUMPING machinery; VAPORS; HYPERFINE interactions
- Publication
Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics, 2024, Vol 130, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
0946-2171
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00340-023-08148-y